He is widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It has been interpreted as exploring themes of alienation , existential anxiety , guilt , and absurdity.
The term Kafkaesque has entered English to describe absurd situations like those depicted in his writing. Kafka was born into a middle-class German-speaking Czech Jewish family in Prague, the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia , then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire today the capital of the Czech Republic.
Over the course of his life, Kafka wrote hundreds of letters to family and close friends, including his father, with whom he had a strained and formal relationship.
He became engaged to several women but never married. He died in obscurity in at the age of 40 from tuberculosis. Kafka was a prolific writer, spending most of his free time writing, often late in the night. He burned an estimated 90 percent of his total work due to his persistent struggles with self-doubt. Much of the remaining 10 percent is lost or otherwise unpublished. Few of Kafka's works were published during his lifetime; the story collections Contemplation and A Country Doctor , and individual stories, such as his novella The Metamorphosis , were published in literary magazines but received little attention.
In his will, Kafka instructed his close friend and literary executor Max Brod to destroy his unfinished works, including his novels The Trial , The Castle , and Amerika , but Brod ignored these instructions and had much of his work published. Kafka's writings became famous in German-speaking countries after World War II, influencing German literature , and its influence spread elsewhere in the world in the s. It has also influenced artists, composers, and philosophers. His family were German-speaking middle-class Ashkenazi Jews.
